Balisage Paper: Semantics and the Web
An Awkward History
August 2 - 6, 2021
The materials listed below were provided by the speaker as supplements to a
presentation at Balisage. These materials may include the slides or visuals used in
the
presentation; supplementary material, such as code samples or a demonstration application;
and/or the paper accompanying the presentation (if it has not been provided in XML).
These
materials have been zipped for easy download and are identified by a brief description
of
the contents. The materials themselves are untouched
, that is, they
have not been tested or edited by Balisage: The Markup Conference or by Mulberry
Technologies, Inc. As such, they are included on this website AS IS
,
i.e., as provided by the speaker, with no warranties, express or otherwise, made by
Balisage
or Mulberry.
Slides and Materials
- Bal2021-StLaurent-presentation-pptx.zip: Presentation slides in Microsoft PowerPoint (pptx)
“A Guide to Sharing for Webmasters.” https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters
Advanced Web Ranking. “The average web page from top twenty Google results.” https://www.advancedwebranking.com/html/
Al-Awadai, Zahra, Anne Brüggemann-Klein, Michael Conrads, Andreas Eichner and Marouane Sayih. “XML Applications on the Web: Implementation Strategies for the Model Component in a Model-View-Controller Architectural Style.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2017, Washington, DC, August 1 - 4, 2017. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2017. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 19 (2017). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol19.Bruggemann-Klein01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol19/html/Bruggemann-Klein01/BalisageVol19-Bruggemann-Klein01.html
Altheim, Murray, and McCarron, Shane. XHTML 1.1 - Module Based XML. https://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xhtml11-20010531/
Beck, Jeff. “The False Security of Closed XML Systems.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2011, Montréal, Canada, August 2 - 5, 2011. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2011. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 7 (2011). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol7.Beck01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol7/html/Beck01/BalisageVol7-Beck01.html
Beck, Jeffrey. “Transcending structure: Applying shared markup vocabularies with your friends and enemies.” Presented at Symposium on Markup Vocabulary Ecosystems, Washington, DC, July 30, 2018. In Proceedings of the Symposium on Markup Vocabulary Ecosystems. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 22 (2018). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol22.Beck01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol22/html/Beck01/BalisageVol22-Beck01.html
Berjon, Robin. “Mending Fences and Saving Babies.” Presented at Symposium on HTML5 and XML, Washington, DC, August 4, 2014. In Proceedings of the Symposium on HTML5 and XML. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 14 (2014). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol14.Berjon01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol14/html/Berjon01/BalisageVol14-Berjon01.html
Berners-Lee, Tim. “World Wide Web.” http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html
Berners-Lee, Tim. Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the WORLD WIDE WEB by Its Inventor. New York: Harper San Francisco, 1999.
Berners-Lee, Tim. “Semantic Web - XML 2000- slide 'Architecture'.” http://www.w3.org/2000/Talks/1206-xml2k-tbl/slide10-0.html
Biezunski, Michel. “Moving sands: Adventures in XML e-book-land.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2012, Montréal, Canada, August 7 - 10, 2012. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2012. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 8 (2012). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol8.Biezunski01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol8/html/Biezunski01/BalisageVol8-Biezunski01.html (XML Islands discarded)
Borden, Jonathan, and Bray, Tim. “Resource Directory Description Language (RDDL).” http://rddl.org/
Bosak, Jon, and Bray, Tim. “XML and the Second-Generation Web.” Scientific American, May 1999. Pages 89-93.
Bray, Tim, Paoli, Jean, and Sperberg-McQueen, Michael. “Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0: W3C Recommendation 10-February-1998.” https://www.xml.com/axml/
Brüggemann-Klein, Anne, Jose Tomas Robles Hahn and Marouane Sayih. “Leveraging XML Technology for Web Applications.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2012, Montréal, Canada, August 7 - 10, 2012. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2012. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 8 (2012). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol8.Bruggemann-Klein01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol8/html/Bruggemann-Klein01/BalisageVol8-Bruggemann-Klein01.html
Burnard, Lou, and Sperberg-McQueen, C. Michael. “TEI Pizza Chef.” http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/P4/pizza.html
Cargill, Carl. “Why Standardization Efforts Fail.” http://quod.lib.umich.edu/j/jep/3336451.0014.103/--why-standardization-efforts-fail?rgn=main;view=fulltext
Carpenter, Todd. “Moving toward common vocabularies and interoperable data.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2016, Washington, DC, August 2 - 5, 2016. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2016. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 17 (2016). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol17.Carpenter01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol17/html/Carpenter01/BalisageVol17-Carpenter01.html (dull gray sea of featureless HTML5)
CERN. “Tags used in HTML.” http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/Tags.html
Clark, Kendall Grant. “Look Ma, No Tags.” https://www.xml.com/pub/a/2002/07/24/yaml.html
Coldewey, Devin. “Docugami's new model for understanding documents cuts its teeth on NASA archives.” https://techcrunch.com/2021/04/12/docugamis-new-model-for-understanding-documents-cuts-its-teeth-on-nasa-archives/
Connolly, Dan, et al. “The Evolution of Web Documents: The Ascent of XML,” in XML: Principles, Tools, and Techniques. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media, 1997. http://www.xml.com/pub/a/w3j/s3.connolly.html
Coombs, James H., Allen H. Renear and Steven J. DeRose. “Markup systems and the future of scholarly text processing.” Communications of the ACM, 30(11):933–947, 1987. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/32206.32209. http://www.fdi.ucm.es/profesor/jlsierra/e-learning/primera-sesion/MarkupSystems.pdf
Cooney, Dominic, and Glazkov, Dmitri. Introduction to Web Components. http://www.w3.org/TR/components-intro/
Crockford, Douglas. “Introducing JSON.” http://www.json.org/
CSS Zen Garden. http://www.csszengarden.com/
Denicola, Domenic. “Non-Extensible Markup Language.” Presented at Symposium on HTML5 and XML, Washington, DC, August 4, 2014. In Proceedings of the Symposium on HTML5 and XML. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 14 (2014). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol14.Denicola01. http://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol14/html/Denicola01/BalisageVol14-Denicola01.html
DeRose, Steven and Durand, David. Making Hypermedia Work: A User's Guide to HyTime. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.
DeRose, Steven J. “Dynamic Style: Implementing Hypertext through Embedding Javascript in CSS.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2018, Washington, DC, July 31 - August 3, 2018. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2018. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 21 (2018). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol21.DeRose01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol21/html/DeRose01/BalisageVol21-DeRose01.html
Dodds, Leigh. “Doing It Simpler.” https://www.xml.com/pub/a/2001/08/01/simpler.html
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative. “DCMI Specifications.” http://dublincore.org/specifications/
DuVander, Adam. “Leading APIs Say 'Bye XML' in New Versions.” https://www.programmableweb.com/news/leading-apis-say-bye-xml-new-versions/2012/12/17
Ensign, Chet. SGML: The Billion-Dollar Secret. Boston: Pearson, 1997.
Extensible Web Manifesto. http://extensiblewebmanifesto.org/
Flynn, Peter. “Why writers don't use XML: The usability of editing software for structured documents.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2009, Montréal, Canada, August 11 - 14, 2009. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2009. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 3 (2009). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol3.Flynn01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol3/html/Flynn01/BalisageVol3-Flynn01.html
Garrett, Jesse James. “Ajax: A New Approach to Web Applications.” https://web.archive.org/web/20150910072359/http://adaptivepath.org/ideas/ajax-new-approach-web-applications/
GML Starter Kit IBM. Document Composition Facility Generalized Markup Language Starter Set User's Guide Release 3.2. https://ia601900.us.archive.org/35/items/bitsavers_ibm370DCFSmpositionFacilityGMLStarterSetUGRel3.2Oc_8587670/SH20-9186-06_Document_Composition_Facility_GML_Starter_Set_UG_Rel3.2_Oct89.pdf
Goldfarb, Charles. The SGML Handbook. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Goodner, Marc. “Is JSON the worst format ever?” https://twitter.com/robotdad/status/1390375568017813505
Graham, Ian S. The HTML Sourcebook. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
GraphQL. https://spec.graphql.org/June2018/
Hicks, Tony. “Should we be using ISO 12083.” Journal of Electronic Publishing, Volume 3, Issue 4. doi:https://doi.org/10.3998/3336451.0003.407.
“History of the Web Standards Project.” https://www.webstandards.org/about/history/index.html
Hook, Anselm. “Orbital Web Browser.” https://orbitalweb.github.io/
Hopgood, Bob. “History of the Web.” https://www.w3.org/2012/08/history-of-the-web/origins.htm
HTML, CSS, & JS Cleaner. “Replace HTML Tables with <div>s.” https://html-cleaner.com/features/replace-html-table-tags-with-divs/
“ISO 12083 Article XML DTD.” http://xml.coverpages.org/iso12083xmlarticledtd19990125.html
ISO/IEC 19757 - DSDL. “Document Schema Definition Languages.” http://dsdl.org/
Jelliffe, Rick. “XML's Dialect Problem: Diversity is not the problem; it is the requirement.” https://web.archive.org/web/20130703024142/http://broadcast.oreilly.com/2012/03/xmls-dialect-problem.html
Jia, Xueyuan. “XSLT and XML Query Working Groups now closed.” https://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-xsl-wg/2018Oct/0000.html
“JSON: The Fat-Free Alternative to XML.” http://www.json.org/xml.html
Katz, Yehuda. “Extend the Web Forward.” http://yehudakatz.com/2013/05/21/extend-the-web-forward/
Koch, Peter Paul. “Validating a Custom DTD.” https://alistapart.com/article/customdtd/
La Quey, Robert E. “SML: Simplifying XML.” https://www.xml.com/pub/a/1999/11/sml/
Levine, Matthew. “In Search of the Holy Grail.” https://alistapart.com/article/holygrail/
Marcotte, Ethan. “Where Our Standards Went Wrong.” https://alistapart.com/article/whereourstandardswentwrong/
Mason, James David. “Do we really want to see markup?” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2019, Washington, DC, July 30 - August 2, 2019. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2019. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 23 (2019). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol23.Mason01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol23/html/Mason01/BalisageVol23-Mason01.html (visible markup)
McDermott, Megan. “Divitis: What it is and how to avoid it (Updated!)” http://www.apaddedcell.com/div-itis-what-it-and-how-avoid-it
“Semantics of MCE.” https://www.assembla.com/spaces/IS29500/wiki/Semantics_of_MCE
Megginson, David. “XML Architectural Forms.” http://www.megginson.com/XAF
Meiert, Jens Oliver, Rosu, Catalin, and Devlin, Ian. “Markup.” https://almanac.httparchive.org/en/2020/markup
Meyer, Eric. “Reset Reasoning.” http://meyerweb.com/eric/thoughts/2007/04/18/reset-reasoning/
Meyer, Eric. “CSS Tools: Reset CSS.” https://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/
Miłowski, R. Alexander. “XML in the Browser: the Next Decade.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2009, Montréal, Canada, August 11 - 14, 2009. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2009. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 3 (2009). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol3.Milowski01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol3/html/Milowski01/BalisageVol3-Milowski01.html
Miłowski, R. Alexander and Walsh, Norm. “How to survive the coming namespace winter.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2014, Washington, DC, August 5 - 8, 2014. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2014. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 13 (2014). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol13.Milowski01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol13/html/Milowski01/BalisageVol13-Milowski01.html
Nelson, Ted. “Embedded Markup Considered Harmful,” in XML: Principles, Tools, and Techniques. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media, 1997. http://www.xml.com/pub/a/w3j/s3.connolly.html
Patterson, Matt. “Where did all the markup kids go? Open-source, markup, and the casual developer.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2013, Montréal, Canada, August 6 - 9, 2013. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2013. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 10 (2013). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol10.Patterson01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol10/html/Patterson01/BalisageVol10-Patterson01.html (open source shrinkage)
Piez, Wendell. “How to Play XML: Markup Technologies as Nomic Game.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2009, Montréal, Canada, August 11 - 14, 2009. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2009. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 3 (2009). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol3.Piez01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol3/html/Piez01/BalisageVol3-Piez01.html
Quin, Liam R. E. “Characterizing ill-formed XML on the web: An analysis of the Amsterdam Corpus by document type.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2012, Montréal, Canada, August 7 - 10, 2012. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2012. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 8 (2012). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol8.Quin01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol8/html/Quin01/BalisageVol8-Quin01.html (Amsterdam corpus of XML)
Roselli, Adrian. “Be Wary of doc-subtitle.” https://adrianroselli.com/2020/08/be-wary-of-doc-subtitle.html
Rosu, Catalin. “The Average Web Page (Data from Analyzing 8 Million Websites).” https://css-tricks.com/average-web-page-data-analyzing-8-million-websites/
Ruby, Griff. “The Lost Tags of HTML.” http://www.the-pope.com/lostHTML.htm
Siegel, David. “The Web is Ruined and I Ruined It,” in XML: Principles, Tools, and Techniques. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media, 1997. http://www.xml.com/pub/a/w3j/s3.connolly.html
Smith, Michael [tm]. “Getting agreements is hard (some thoughts on Matthew Butterick's “The Bomb in the Garden” talk at TYPO San Francisco).” http://www.w3.org/QA/2013/04/getting_agreements_is_hard_som.html
St. Laurent, Simon. “JSON on the Web, or: The Revenge of SML.” https://www.xml.com/pub/a/2006/07/05/json-on-the-web-or-the-revenge-of-sml.html
St. Laurent, Simon. “Stop Standardizing HTML.” http://radar.oreilly.com/2013/04/stop-standardizing-html.html
“Understand How Structured Data Works.” https://developers.google.com/search/docs/advanced/structured-data/intro-structured-data
“Understand JavaScript SEO Basics.” https://developers.google.com/search/docs/advanced/javascript/javascript-seo-basics
Usdin, B. Tommie. “The semantics of “semantic”.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2013, Montréal, Canada, August 6 - 9, 2013. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2013. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 10 (2013). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol10.Usdin01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol10/html/Usdin01/BalisageVol10-Usdin01.html
Usdin, B. Tommie. “Explicit markup: a fool’s errand or the next big thing?” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2019, Washington, DC, July 30 - August 2, 2019. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2019. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 23 (2019). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol23.Usdin01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol23/html/Usdin01/BalisageVol23-Usdin01.html
Walsh, Norman. “Marking up and marking down.” Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2016, Washington, DC, August 2 - 5, 2016. In Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2016. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 17 (2016). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol17.Walsh01. https://www.balisage.net/Proceedings/vol17/html/Walsh01/BalisageVol17-Walsh01.html (ABSOLUTELY)
Web Standards Project. “Buzz Archive: Validation.” https://www.webstandards.org/buzz/validation/index.html
WHATWG. “Parsing HTML Documents.” https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/parsing.html
WHATWG. “Predefined Class Names.” https://web.archive.org/web/20070505134313/http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/section-global.html#predefined
World Wide Web Consortium. “HTML5. A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML, 3.2.3.9 Embedding custom non-visible data with the data-* attributes.” http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/dom.html#embedding-custom-non-visible-data-with-the-data-*-attributes
World Wide Web Consortium. “Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition).” Namespaces in XML 1.0 (Third Edition)
World Wide Web Consortium. “RDF Working Group Wiki.” https://www.w3.org/2011/rdf-wg/wiki/Main_Page
World Wide Web Consortium. “World Wide Web Consortium Releases First Working Drafts of XML Schema Specification.” http://www.w3.org/1999/05/schema-1st-wd
World Wide Web Consortium. “World Wide Web Consortium Issues XML Schema as a W3C Recommendation.” http://www.w3.org/2001/05/xml-schema-pressrelease.html.en
World Wide Web Consortium. “XHTML 1.0: The Extensible HyperText Markup Language (Second Edition).” https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
World Wide Web Consortium. “XHTML 2.0.” https://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml2/
World Wide Web Consortium. “XHTML2 Working Group Home Page.” https://www.w3.org/MarkUp/
World Wide Web Consortium. “XML Core Working Group Public Page.” https://www.w3.org/XML/Core/
World Wide Web Consortium. “WAI-ARIA Overview.” http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/aria
“YAML: YAML Ain't Markup Language.” http://www.yaml.org/