Balisage Paper: A toolkit for multi-dimensional markup

The development of SGF to XStandoff

Balisage: The Markup Conference 2009
August 11 - 14, 2009

The materials listed below were provided by the speaker as supplements to a presentation at Balisage. These materials may include the slides or visuals used in the presentation; supplementary material, such as code samples or a demonstration application; and/or the paper accompanying the presentation (if it has not been provided in XML). These materials have been zipped for easy download and are identified by a brief description of the contents. The materials themselves are untouched, that is, they have not been tested or edited by Balisage: The Markup Conference or by Mulberry Technologies, Inc. As such, they are included on this website AS IS, i.e., as provided by the speaker, with no warranties, express or otherwise, made by Balisage or Mulberry.

Slides and Materials

Bal2009STUE0320_pres.zip: Presentation slides in Adobe PDF.

Alink, W., Bhoedjang, R., de Vries, A. P., and Boncz, P. A. Efficient XQuery Support for Stand-Off Annotation. In: Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on XQuery Implementation, Experience and Perspectives, in cooperation with ACM SIGMOD, Chicago, USA, 2006

Alink, W., Jijkoun, V., Ahn, D., and de Rijke, M. Representing and Querying Multi-dimensional Markup for Question Answering. In: Proceedings of the 5th EACL Workshop on NLP and XML (NLPXML-2006): Multi-Dimensional Markup in Natural Language Processing, Trento, 2006

Bird, S. and Liberman, M. Annotation graphs as a framework for multidimensional linguistic data analysis. In: Proceedings of the Workshop "Towards Standards and Tools for Discourse Tagging", pages 1–10. Association for Computational Linguistics, 1999

Bird, S. and Liberman, M. A formal framework for linguistic annotation. Speech Communication, 33(1–2): pages 23–60, 2001. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6393(00)00068-6

Bird, S., Chen, Y., Davidson, S., Lee, H. and Zheng,Y. Designing and Evaluating an XPath Dialect for Linguistic Queries. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE), Atlanta, USA, 2006. doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/ICDE.2006.48

Burnard, L., and Bauman, S. (eds.). TEI P5: Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange. published for the TEI Consortium by Humanities Computing Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, Providence, Charlottesville, Nancy, 2008

Carletta, J., Kilgour, J., O’Donnel, T. J., Evert, S. and Voormann, H. The NITE Object Model Library for Handling Structured Linguistic Annotation on Multimodal Data Sets. In: Proceedings of the EACL Workshop on Language Technology and the Semantic Web (3rd Workshop on NLP and XML (NLPXML-2003)), Budapest, Ungarn, 2003

Carletta, J.; Evert, S.; Heid, U. and Kilgour, J. The NITE XML Toolkit: data model and query language. In: Language Resources and Evaluation, Springer, Dordrecht, 2005, 39, pages 313-334. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-006-9001-9

Cowan, J., Tennison J., and Piez, W. LMNL update. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, Montréal, Québec, 2006

DeRose, S. J. Markup Overlap: A Review and a Horse. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, Montréal, Québec, 2004

Dipper, S. XML-based stand-off representation and exploitation of multi-level linguistic annotation. In: Proceedings of Berliner XML Tage 2005 (BXML 2005), pages 39–50, Berlin, Germany, 2005

Dipper, S., Götze, M., Küssner, U. and Stede, M. Representing and Querying Standoff XML. In: Rehm, G., Witt, A. and Lemnitzer, L. (eds.), Datenstrukturen für linguistische Ressourcen und ihre Anwendungen. Data Structures for Linguistic Resources and Applications. Proceedings of the Biennial GLDV Conference 2007, pages 337–346, Tübingen, 2007. Gunter Narr Verlag

Durusau, P. and O'Donnell, M.B.. Concurrent Markup for XML Documents. In: Proceedings of the XML Europe conference 2002.

Durusau, P. & O'Donnel, M. B. Tabling the Overlap Discussion. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, Montréal, Québec, 2004

Goecke, D., Lüngen, H., Metzing, D., Stührenberg, M. and Witt, A. Different Views on Markup. Distinguishing levels and layers. In: Linguistic modeling of information and Markup Languages. Contributions to language technology. Springer, 2009. To appear

Gleim, R., Waltinger, U., Ernst, A., Mehler, A., Esch, D., and Feith, T. The eHumanities Desktop – An Online System for Corpus Management and Analysis in Support of Computing in the Humanities. In: Proceedings of the Demonstrations Session of the 12th Conference of the European Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics EACL 2009, 30 March – 3 April, Athens, 2009

Huitfeldt, C. and Sperberg-McQueen, C. M. TexMECS: An experimental markup meta-language for complex documents. Markup Languages and Complex Documents (MLCD) Project, February 2001

Iacob, I. E. and Dekhtyar, A. Processing XML documents with overlapping hierarchies In: JCDL '05: Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries, ACM Press, 2005, pages 409-409. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/1065385.1065513

Iacob, I. E. and Dekhtyar, A. Towards a Query Language for Multihierarchical XML: Revisiting XPath. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Workshop on the Web & Databases (WebDB 2005), 2005, pages 49-54

Ide, N. and Romary, L. Towards International Standards for Language Resources. In: Dybkjaer, L., Hemsen, H., and Minker, W., (eds.), Evaluation of Text and Speech Systems, pages 263-284. Springer

Ide, N. and Suderman, K. GrAF: A Graph-based Format for Linguistic Annotations. In: Proceedings of the Linguistic Annotation Workshop, pages 1-8, Prague, Czech Republic. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007

ISO/IEC 19757-2:2003. Information technology – Document Schema Definition Language (DSDL) – Part 2: Regular-grammar-based validation – RELAX NG (ISO/IEC 19757-2). International Standard, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 2003

ISO/IEC 19757-3:2006. Information technology – Document Schema Definition Language (DSDL) – Part 3: Rule-based validation – Schematron. International standard, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 2006

Jagadish, H. V., Lakshmanany, L. V. S., Scannapieco, M., Srivastava, D. and Wiwatwattana, N. Colorful XML: One hierarchy isn’t enough. In: Proceedings of ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD 2004), pages 251–262, Paris, June 13-18 2004. ACM Press New York, NY, USA. doi:https://doi.org/10.1145/1007568.1007598

Kay, M. XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 2.0. World Wide Web Consortium. 2007. – W3C Recommendation

Kay, M. XSLT 2.0 and XPath 2.0 Programmer’s Reference. Wiley Publishing, Indianapolis, 4th edition, 2008

Marinelli, P., Vitali, F., and Zacchiroli, S. Towards the unification of formats for overlapping markup. In: New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 14(1): pages 57-94, 2008. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13614560802316145

Marcoux, Y. Graph characterization of overlap-only texmecs and other overlapping markup formalisms. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, Montréal, Québec, 2008

Marcoux, Y. Variants of GODDAGs and suitable ﬁrst-layer semantics. Presentation given at the GODDAG workshop, Amsterdam, 1-5 December 2008

Pianta, E. and Bentivogli., L. Annotating Discontinuous Structures in XML: the Multiword Case. In: Proceedings of LREC 2004 Workshop on ”XML-based richly annotated corpora”, pages 30–37, Lisbon, Portugal.

Poesio, M., Diewald, N., Stührenberg, M., Chamberlain, J., Jettka, D., Goecke, D. and Kruschwitz, U. Markup Infrastructure for the Anaphoric Bank, Part I: Supporting Web Collaboration. In: Mehler, A., Kühnberger, K.-U., Lobin, H., Lüngen, H., Storrer, A. and Witt, A. (eds.), Modelling, Learning and Processing of Text Technological Data Structures, Dordrecht: Springer, Berlin, New York. To appear

Schonefeld, O. XCONCUR and XCONCUR-CL: A constraint-based approach for the validation of concurrent markup. In: Rehm, G., Witt, A., Lemnitzer, L. (eds.), Datenstrukturen für linguistische Ressourcen und ihre Anwendungen. Data Structures for Linguistic Resources and Applications. Proceedings of the Biennial GLDV Conference 2007, Tübingen, Germany, 2007. Gunter Narr Verlag

Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., Huitfeldt, C. and Renear, A.. Meaning and Interpretation of markup. Markup Languages – Theory & Practice, 2, pages 215-234, 2000. doi:https://doi.org/10.1162/109966200750363599

Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., Dubin, D., Huitfeldt, C. and Renear, A. Drawing inferences on the basis of markup. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, 2002

Sperberg-McQueen, C. M. and Huitfeldt, C. GODDAG: A Data Structure for Overlapping Hierarchies. In: King, P. and Munson, E. V. (eds.), Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on the Principles of Digital Document Processing (PODDP 2000), volume 2023 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 139–160. Springer, 2004

Sperberg-McQueen, C. M. Rabbit/Duck grammars: a validation method for overlapping structures. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, Montréal, Québec, 2006

Sperberg-McQueen, C. M. Representation of overlapping structures. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, Montréal, Québec, 2007

Sperberg-McQueen, C. M. and Huitfeldt, C. Markup Discontinued Discontinuity in TexMecs, Goddag structures, and rabbit/duck grammars. Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2008, Montréal, Canada, August 12 - 15, 2008. In: Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2008. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 1 (2008). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol1.Sperberg-McQueen01

Sperberg-McQueen, C. M. and Huitfeldt, C. GODDAG. Presented at the Goddag workshop, Amsterdam, 1-5 December 2008

Stührenberg, M., Goecke, D, Diewald, N., Cramer, I. and Mehler, A. Web-based annotation of anaphoric relations and lexical chains. In: Proceedings of the Linguistic Annotation Workshop (LAW), pages 140–147, Prague. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007

Stührenberg, M. and Goecke, D.SGF – An integrated model for multiple annotations and its application in a linguistic domain. Presented at Balisage: The Markup Conference 2008, Montréal, Canada, August 12 - 15, 2008. In: Proceedings of Balisage: The Markup Conference 2008. Balisage Series on Markup Technologies, vol. 1 (2008). doi:https://doi.org/10.4242/BalisageVol1.Stuehrenberg01

Tennison, J. Layered Markup and Annotation Language (LMNL). In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, Montréal, Québec, 2002

Tennison, J. Creole: Validating Overlapping Markup.In: Proceedings of XTech 2007: The Ubiquitous Web Conference, 2007

Thompson, H. S. and D. McKelvie. Hyperlink semantics for standoff markup of read-only documents. In: Proceedings of SGML Europe ’97: The next decade – Pushing the Envelope, pages 227–229, Barcelona, 1997

Waltinger, U., Mehler, A. Mehler, and Stührenberg, M. An Integrated Model of Lexical Chaining: Application, Resources and its Format. Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Natural Language Processing (KONVENS 2008)

Walsh, N., Milowski, A., and Thompson, H. S. (2009). XProc: An XML Pipeline Language. W3C Candidate Recommendation 28 May 2009, World Wide Web Consortium.

Witt, A. Meaning and interpretation of concurrent markup. In: Proceedings of ALLC-ACH2002, Joint Conference of the ALLC and ACH, 2002

Witt, A. Multiple hierarchies: New Aspects of an Old Solution. In: Proceedings of Extreme Markup Languages, 2004

Witt, A., Rehm, G., Hinrichs, E., Lehmberg, T. and Stegmann, J. SusTEInability of Linguistic Resources through Feature Structures. In: Literary and Linguistic Computing, 24(3): pages 363-372, 2009. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqp024

Witt, A., Stührenberg, M., Goecke, D. and Metzing, D. Integrated Linguistic Annotation Models and their Application in the Domain of Antecedent Detection. In: Mehler, A., Kühnberger, K.-U., Lobin, H., Lüngen, H., Storrer, A. and Witt, A. (eds.), Modelling, Learning and Processing of Text Technological Data Structures, Dordrecht: Springer, Berlin, New York. To appear

W3C XML Schema Definition Language (XSD) 1.1 Part 1: Structures. W3C Working Draft, World Wide Web Consortium, W3C Candidate Recommendation 30 April 2009. Online: http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/CR-xmlschema11-1-20090430/

Author's keywords for this paper:

Concurrent Markup; Overlapping Markup; SGF; XStandoff